; ; ; "ActiveFedora::Aggregation::ListSource" . a , ; "Market Size and Trade in Medical Services"; ; "kate.s.hansel@mpls.frb.org"; ; ; "Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis"; "F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade", "I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets", "F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation", "R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity"; "We measure the importance of increasing returns to scale and trade in medical services. Using Medicare claims data, we document that “imported” medical care—services produced by a medical provider in a different region—constitute about one-fifth of US healthcare consumption. Larger regions specialize in producing less common procedures, which are traded more. These patterns reflect economies of scale: larger regions produce higher-quality services because they serve more patients. Because of increasing returns and trade costs, policies to improve access to care face a proximity-concentration tradeoff. Production subsidies and travel subsidies can impose contrasting spillovers on neighboring regions."^^; "2023-04-04"; "2023-04-04T19:54:48.412852949+00:00"^^; "https://doi.org/10.21034/iwp.68"; ; "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"; "2023-04-04T21:02:30.036235545+00:00"^^; "Research Paper"; "955", "957", "190", "956"; "Institute working paper (Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute)"; "068"; "Market-size effects", "Trade in services", "Medicare claims data", "Healthcare access"; ; ; ; ; "Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute"; ; "Publication" . ; .